Factors influence Corporate Cash Holdings - Empirical Evidence From Textile Industry of Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18533/ymw0j575Keywords:
corporate cash holdings, profitability, net working capitalAbstract
Cash holdings are immaterial in a world of efficient capital markets because corporations may readily raise cash to finance lucrative investment projects at low transaction costs. This paper investigates the factors determining corporate cash holdings in Bangladesh's textile sector. The study used a longitudinal cross-sectional panel data set of 53 Bangladeshi textile companies from 2012 to 2021, analyzed using multiple discriminant regression. The findings imply that corporate cash holding is influenced by firm-level (i.e., profitability, capital expenditure, fund flow from operation, net working capital, growth opportunity, leverage, dividend, firm age, and firm size) and macroeconomic factors (i.e., GDP, inflation). From an academic standpoint, this paper adds to our understanding of the cash holding level in emerging markets like Bangladesh. The study's findings may have significant practical implications for creditors, governments, regulators, and other stakeholders to create reliable credence about a company’s financial condition.
References
Abushammala, S. N., & Sulaiman, J. (2014). Cash holdings and corporate profitability: Some evidences form Jordan. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 8(3), 898.
Al-Najjar, B. (2013). The financial determinants of corporate cash holdings: Evidence from some emerging markets. International Business Review, 22(1), 77-88.
Al-Najjar, B., & Clark, E. (2017). Corporate governance and cash holdings in MENA: Evidence from internal and external governance practices. Research in International Business and Finance, 39, 1-12.
Ali, A., & Yousaf, S. (2013). Determinants of cash holding in German market. Journal of Business and Management, 12(6), 28-34.
Alnori, F., Bugshan, A., & Bakry, W. (2022). The determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant corporations. Managerial Finance, 48(3), 429-450.
Arfan, M., Basri, H., Handayani, R., Shabri, M., Fahlevi, H., & Dianah, A. (2017). Determinants of cash holding of listed manufacturing companies in the Indonesian stock exchange. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 26(2), 1-12.
Bates, T. W., Kahle, K. M., & Stulz, R. M. (2009). Why do US firms hold so much more cash than they used to? The journal of finance, 64(5), 1985-2021.
Bigelli, M., & Sánchez-Vidal, J. (2012). Cash holdings in private firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(1), 26-35.
Chauhan, Y., Pathak, R., & Kumar, S. (2018). Do bank-appointed directors affect corporate cash holding? International Review of Economics & Finance, 53, 39-56.
Chen, N., & Mahajan, A. (2010). The Euro and corporate liquidity. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 36(1), 133-146.
Chen, R. R., Guedhami, O., Yang, Y., & Zaynutdinova, G. R. (2020). Corporate governance and cash holdings: Evidence from worldwide board reforms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 65, 101771.
Chung, K. H., Kim, J. C., Kim, Y. S., & Zhang, H. (2015). Information asymmetry and corporate cash holdings. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 42(9-10), 1341-1377.
Couderc, N. (2005). Corporate cash holdings: financial determinants and consequences.[Online] Available: http://www. univ-orleans. fr/deg/GDR ecomofi. Activ/couderc_strasbg05. pdf.
Dittmar, A., & Mahrt-Smith, J. (2007). Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings. Journal of Financial Economics, 83(3), 599-634.
Dittmar, A., Mahrt-Smith, J., & Servaes, H. (2003). International corporate governance and corporate cash holdings. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), 111-133.
Ferreira, M. A., & Vilela, A. S. (2004). Why do firms hold cash? Evidence from EMU countries. European financial management, 10(2), 295-319.
Foley, C. F., Hartzell, J. C., Titman, S., & Twite, G. (2007). Why do firms hold so much cash? A tax-based explanation. Journal of Financial Economics, 86(3), 579-607.
Gao, L., & Kling, G. (2012). The impact of corporate governance and external audit on compliance to mandatory disclosure requirements in China. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 21(1), 17-31.
García‐Teruel, P. J., & Martínez‐Solano, P. (2008). On the determinants of SME cash holdings: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 35(1‐2), 127-149.
Guizani, M. (2017). The financial determinants of corporate cash holdings in an oil rich country: Evidence from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Borsa Istanbul Review, 17(3), 133-143.
Guney, Y., Ozkan, A., & Ozkan, N. (2007). International evidence on the non-linear impact of leverage on corporate cash holdings. Journal of Multinational financial management, 17(1), 45-60.
Hapsari, D. W., & Norris, N. R. (2022). The Determinant Of Cash Holding. Jurnal Akuntansi, 26(3), 358-373.
Hardin, W. G., Highfield, M. J., Hill, M. D., & Kelly, G. W. (2009). The determinants of REIT cash holdings. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 39(1), 39-57.
Hu, Y., Li, Y., & Zeng, J. (2019). Stock liquidity and corporate cash holdings. Finance Research Letters, 28, 416-422.
Indardi, S. (2020). Pengaruh Leverage, Firm Size, Growth Opportunity, Net Working Capital dan Tangible Asset terhadap Cash Holding Perusahaan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufakturing yang Listing di BEI Tahun 2015-2018).
Islam, S. (2012). Manufacturing firms' cash holding determinants: Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(6), 172.
Jamil, S., Anwar, A., Afzaal, N., Tariq, A., & Asif, M. (2016). Determinants of corporate cash holdings: empirical analysis of Pakistani firms. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(3), 29-35.
Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. The American economic review, 76(2), 323-329.
Jinkar, R. T. (2013). Analisa faktor-faktor penentu kebijakan cash holding perusahaan manufaktur di indonesia. Mini Economica, 42, 129-146.
Keynes, J. M. (1936). ‘The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money’. Mac Millan. Houndsmills, UK.
Kim, C.-S., Mauer, D. C., & Sherman, A. E. (1998). The determinants of corporate liquidity: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial and Quantitative analysis, 33(3), 335-359.
Kim, S. H., & Haque, M. (2002). The Asian financial crisis of 1997: Causes and policy responses. Multinational Business Review, 10(1), 37-37.
La Rocca, M., Cambrea, D. R., La Rocca, E. T., & Casciaro, S. (2015). Cash holding and firm value: a meta-analysis. Cash holding and firm value: a meta-analysis, 45-72.
Lozano, M. B., & Yaman, S. (2020). The European financial crisis and firms' cash holding policy: An analysis of the precautionary motive. Global Policy, 11, 84-94.
Mesfin, E. A. (2016). The factors affecting cash holding decisions of manufacturing share companies in Ethiopia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 5(3).
Mugumisi, N., & Mawanza, W. (2014). Corporate cash holding under liquidity crisis: A Panel analysis of Zimbabwean firms. Research Journal of Economics & Business Studies, 3(3), 66-76.
Myers, S. C. (1984). Capital structure puzzle: National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
Opler, T., Pinkowitz, L., Stulz, R., & Williamson, R. (1999). The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings. Journal of Financial Economics, 52(1), 3-46.
Opler, T. C., & Titman, S. (1994). Financial distress and corporate performance. The Journal of Finance, 49(3), 1015-1040.
Pinkowitz, L., Stulz, R., & Williamson, R. (2006). Does the contribution of corporate cash holdings and dividends to firm value depend on governance? A cross‐country analysis. The Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2725-2751.
Riddick, L. A., & Whited, T. M. (2009). The corporate propensity to save. The Journal of Finance, 64(4), 1729-1766.
Saddour, K. (2006). The determinants and the value of cash holdings: Evidence from French firms. Retrieved from https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00151916
Sari, D. M., & Ardian, A. (2019). Cash holding, cash flow dan profitability: studi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 6(1), 29-38.
Shabbir, M., Hashmi, S. H., & Chaudhary, G. M. (2016). Determinants of corporate cash holdings in Pakistan. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5, 50-62.
Shipe, S. (2015). Volatility of cash holding and firm value. Job Market Paper. Florida State University.
Singh, K., & Misra, M. (2019). Financial determinants of cash holding levels: An analysis of Indian agricultural enterprises. Agricultural Economics–Czech, 65.
Stone, A.-L., & Gup, B. E. (2015). Do Business Cycles Influence Corporate Cash Holdings? Available at SSRN 2594332.
Subramaniam, V., Tang, T. T., Yue, H., & Zhou, X. (2011). Firm structure and corporate cash holdings. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(3), 759-773.
Sun, Q., Yung, K., & Rahman, H. (2012). Earnings quality and corporate cash holdings. Accounting & Finance, 52(2), 543-571.
Tahir, M. S., & Alifiah, M. N. (2015). Corporate cash holding behavior and financial environment: A critical review. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 277-280.
Tayem, G. (2017). The determinants of corporate cash holdings: The case of a small emerging market. International Journal of Financial Research, 8(1), 143-154.
Uyar, A., & Kuzey, C. (2014). Determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from the emerging market of Turkey. Applied Economics, 46(9), 1035-1048.
Wang, Y., Ji, Y., Chen, X., & Song, C. (2014). Inflation, operating cycle, and cash holdings. China Journal of Accounting Research, 7(4), 263-276.
Wasiuzzaman, S. (2014). Analysis of corporate cash holdings of firms in Malaysia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 8(2), 118-135.
Wijaya, A. L. (2011). Pengaruh Kualitas Akrual dan Leverage terhadap Cash Holding Perusahaan. UNS (Sebelas Maret University).
Zeller, T. L., & Stanko, B. B. (1994). Operating cash flow ratios measure a retail firms ability to pay. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 10(4), 51-59.
Corresponding Author:
Mst. Maksuda Begum (begummaksuda@yahoo.com)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maksuda Begum

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).